Linggo, Setyembre 21, 2014

THE CAMPAIGN FOR INDEPENDENCE



     On November 1918, the Philippine Legislative created the Commission of Independence for the purpose of studying all matters related to the negotiation and organization of the independence of the Philippines. On March 1919, The legislative approved a Declaration of Purposes for the guidance of the Commission.


       April 1919, the Commission also conducted a publicity campaign in the United States through the Philippine Press Bureau established in Washington. A Press Bulletin was circulated in the United States until 1924, and American writers and publicists were hired to “advertise an entire people”.


       The First Parliamentary Mission was sent to United States on 1919, the only one during the Democratic Administration of Woodrow Wilson.


        The Second Parliamentary Mission, led by Quezon and Osmena on April 1922, went to Washington to present the Filipino viewpoint on the questions raised by the Wood-Forbes Mission Report. This Mission returned in August 1922with no more than assurances that there would be no diminution of Filipino control of their Government.


         A Special mission led by Manuel A. Roxas, left in Washington on November 1923. On 1924, sentiment was strong in Congress to come to a solution to the Philippine problem. The Fairfield Bill, an administration alternative to the independence measures, was reported out of committee and it was introduce on 1924.


         On April 1927, President Coolidge sustained the Governor – General’s veto of the plebiscite bill in a long message in which he stressed the need for greater economic and political progress.


         Agricultural distress, brought about by the Depression, caused various economic interest in the United States, especially the sugar and farm bloc, to Marshall forces. During the 1920’s, Philippine agriculture enjoyed unprecedented expansion due to the stimulation provided by the post war boom and even more favourable tariff preferences resulting from increased duties on non – Philippine sugar and copra imports after 1922.


       The AFL (American Federation of Labor) had been opposed to the retention of the Philippines. From  march to  October 1929,roxas and Osmena were in Washington as a legislative committee to present the case on the threatened legislation affecting the free entry of the Philippine products into the united States.


      On December 1923, Osmena and Roxas left for the United States as the OsRox Mission to secure what in their judgment would be the best out of any situation that might arise in congress concerning the Philippine issue. The Hare-Hawes-Cutting act became law on January 17,1933.


       On November 1933, Quezon left for the United states as head of joint legislative committee for the purposes of securing a better in dependence bill of the Philippines. On 1923, United States was the first nation to voluntarily relinquish sovereignty over a colony  after a little over a generation of tutelage.  



      

1 komento:

  1. Philippines is a democratic country. We are lucky that we were born in an independent country, no sufferings against Spain and other country who did colonized the Philippines. Unlike in the past years that they have their campaign for independence leaded by Manuel Quezon, Manuel Roxas, Osmena and other to commit our independence and so that America will give us the independent that we wish to make true. But it was really true by the help of some people like the past President in the Philippines Roxas, Osmena and other because they believed that every country and every people have the responsibility to be free and an independence will have.
    All of them want the liberty so they continue everything what our heroes done that they fight for our country so as a good leader also they will have the right to make some campaign so that America will totally give the independence of the Philippines.
    Philippines gain their independence by accepting strong terms from American Government. The U.S retains use of military bases required that the Philippine Constitution be revised to grant U.S citizens and corporation equal access to Philippine minerals, forest and natural resources.
    Filipino will associated by America by selling some products their like copra and sugar so that America can say that we will give the independence of the Philippines because they know how to handle their country in their own way until they will get the excellence of their country and they will improve.
    Finally America will give the independence. But how did the Philippines gain the independence?
    Philippine Government had little of choice to accept these terms for independence. But for now the most important was we got our independence and we have our freedom and liberty.

    TumugonBurahin